Optimal Siting and Sizing of FACTS in Distribution Networks Using the Black Widow Algorithm

The problem regarding the optimal placement and sizing of different FACTS (flexible alternating current transmission systems) in electrical distribution networks is addressed this research by applying a master–slave optimization approach. analyzed correspond to unified power flow controller (UPFC), thyristor-controlled shunt compensator (TCSC, also known as thyristor switched capacitor, or TSC), static var (SVC). master stage entrusted with defining location size each device using hybrid discrete-continuous codification through application black widow (BWO) slave corresponds successive approximations method based on admittance grid formulation, which allows determining expected costs energy losses for one-year operation period. numerical results IEEE 33-, 69-, 85-bus grids demonstrate that best locating SVC, given that, when compared UPFC TCSC, it possible reduction equivalent annual investment operating cost. A comparative analysis General Algebraic Modeling System software, aim solve exact mixed-integer nonlinear programming model, demonstrated proposed BWO approach’s effectiveness radial networks. Reductions about 12.63% 13.97% concerning benchmark cases confirmed SVC option reactive compensation grids.